BOSTON -- In a widely circulated 2003 memo, Harvard Law School dean Elena Kagan blasted the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy for gay soldiers as "a moral injustice of the first order."

Kagan was explaining to students and faculty why military recruiters were allowed on campus again after almost 25 years of being banned from the law school's main recruitment office.

She said that under a federal law known as the Solomon Amendment, the university risked jeopardizing hundreds of millions of dollars in federal funding unless the school helped recruiters. The law allows the government to deny federal grants to schools that prohibit military recruitment on campus.

The following year, after a federal appeals court struck down the law as unconstitutional, Kagan re-imposed a ban on recruiters -- a move that is now expected to be used as "antimilitary" fodder by Republicans opposed to her confirmation to the U.S. Supreme Court. The issue was used against her during her confirmation hearing last year for her current post as U.S. solicitor general.

Former U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese III, chairman of the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think thank, said Kagan's actions at Harvard raise important legal questions.

"(She) tried to essentially challenge the law and tried to get the Supreme Court to overrule what was a valid determination of policy by the Congress," Meese said.

Robert Levy, chairman of the Cato Institute's board of directors, agreed that Kagan is going to have to explain her position in that case.

"She wasn't one of the strongest advocates," Levy said. "But she was certainly in the camp."

Kagan's supporters say she followed the law precisely in imposing the ban on recruiters, and again, several months later, when she lifted the ban after the Supreme Court agreed to hear the Bush administration's appeal. The high court ruled against law schools and upheld the Solomon Amendment.

"Elena Kagan does not have a single antimilitary bone in her body," said Walter Dellinger, a former solicitor general in the Clinton administration who wrote a brief to the Supreme Court that was signed by 40 Harvard University professors, including Kagan.

Harvard had banned military recruiting through its career services office since 1979, when it passed an anti-discrimination policy for all employers who wanted to recruit there.

Adam Sorkin, the former president of Harvard Law School Lambda, a gay students' group, said Kagan initially continued the policy of her predecessor, Dean Robert Clark, allowing the military to recruit through the career services office. Sorkin said she only imposed a ban for a period of months, after the federal appeals court struck down the Solomon Amendment.

"It's really clear that she wasn't the big leader on this," Sorkin said.

"All she did was follow the law at the time. When the 3rd Circuit court said the law is you don't have to allow the recruitment on campus, she didn't, and when the Supreme Court said you do, she did," said Sorkin, now a lawyer in Chicago.

Kagan was not the first at Harvard to take a stand against a military policy.

The Solomon Amendment was passed two decades after Harvard first banned military recruiters over the issue of discrimination against gays. Afterward, military recruiters were still allowed to recruit students on campus through the Harvard Law School Veterans Association, a student group.

However, after the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks, Republicans in Congress called it a disgrace that military recruiters were being hampered in a time of war, and the Bush administration threatened to cut off funding.

In 2002, Harvard Law School relented and allowed military recruiters to use a campus office.

Kagan continued that policy after becoming dean in 2003, the same year a major lawsuit was brought by 36 law schools challenging the Solomon Amendment. Harvard did not join the lawsuit, but filed a brief siding with the other schools.

In 2004, the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals found the Solomon Amendment unconstitutional. The next day, Kagan banned military recruiters from using the campus office, but still allowed work through the veterans group.

Yet again, under threat of a funding cutoff, Harvard relented and Kagan allowed the recruiters to use a campus placement office.

And in 2006, the Supreme Court unanimously reversed the 3rd Circuit, finding it constitutional to deny funding to schools that do not allow military recruiting.